What is it called when two different organisms benefit from living closely together?

Symbiosis is a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms. The specific kind of symbiosis depends on whether either or both organisms benefit from the relationship.

What is it called when two organisms have to have a symbiotic relationship to survive?

Mutualism. When people use the word symbiosis, they’re usually talking about a mutualistic symbiotic relationship. Mutualism is a close, long-lasting relationship where both parties benefit. In some mutualistic relationships, the organisms can’t survive without each other.

What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships?

There are three basic types of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

What is a close long-term relationship between two organisms?

Symbiosis: A close and long-lasting association between two or more organisms of different species. The three types are mutualism, commensualism, and parasitism.

What is symbiosis explain with example?

Class 7 Question SYMBIOSIS IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS TO BENEFIT EACH OTHER. In other words, this is a one-sided symbiotic relationship. Example: The relationship between cattle egrets and cattle.

What is symbiosis chemistry?

What is Symbiosis? The term was originally applied to describe the maximum flocking of either hard or soft ligands in the same complexes. For hydrocarbon molecules, symbiosis implies that those containing a maximum number of C-H bonds (e.g. CH4) or C-C bonds (e.g. Me4C) are the most stable.

What is hard Ligand?

Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) Concept. Hard metals and ligands. Hard cations have high positive charges and are not easily polarized. e.g. Fe3+. Hard ligands usually have electronegative non-polarizable donor atoms (O, N ).

What is symbiosis theoretical basis of hardness and softness?

HSAB concept is an initialism for “hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases”. Also known as the Pearson acid-base concept, HSAB is widely used in chemistry for explaining stability of compounds, reaction mechanisms and pathways. It assigns the terms ‘hard’ or ‘soft’, and ‘acid’ or ‘base’ to chemical species.

How electronegativity can be used to explain hardness and softness of acids and bases?

* The large electronegativity differences between hard acids and hard bases give rise to strong ionic interactions. * The electronegativities of soft acids and soft bases are almost same and hence have less ionic interactions. i.e., the interactions between them are more covalent.

Which is soft base?

“Soft” acids or bases have a low charge to radius ratio, with low oxidation states. They are normally larger ions that are polarizable. For example, I- and S2- are soft bases and low charge density transition metals, such as Ag+, are considered soft acids.

What is borderline acid?

Borderline acids (in context, BA) are intermediate between hard and soft acids. Thus they tend to have lower charge and somewhat larger size than hard acids, and higher charge and somewhat smaller size than soft acids. The 2+ ions of the d block, such as Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+, are borderline acids.

Why is Hydride a soft base?

The hydride ion has a negative charge and too large in size compared to the hydrogen atom. Hence the electronegativity of hydride ion quite low and polarizability very high. So the valence electron in hydride ion is loosely bound by the nucleus and it is a soft base.

Is nh3 a soft base?

soft bases contain larger, relatively polarizable donor atoms (such as P, S, and Cl)….Hard and Soft Acids and Bases.

	Acids	Bases
hard	H+	NH3, RNH2, N2H4
	Li+, Na+, K+	H2O, ROH, R2O
	Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, VO2+	OH−, F−, Cl−, CH3CO2−
	Al3+, Sc3+, Cr3+	CO32−

Why is Co a soft base?

A lewis base is substance that donates an unshared pair of electron. In CO, a lone pair is present on both carbon and oxygen each. Moreover, lone pair of electron on carbon is localised so CO will act as lewis base.

Why is pyridine a borderline base while ammonia is a hard base?

The conjugate acid of pyridine (pyr. H+ (protonated on nitrogen)) is stablised by the electron releasing effect of the alkyl groups, but cannot form hydrogen bonds. Overall, this results in it being a weaker base.

Why is ammonia a hard base?

A base is any molecule that accepts a proton, while an acid is any molecule that releases a proton. For this reason, ammonia is considered basic because its nitrogen atom has an electron pair that readily accepts a proton.

Is pyridine a soft or hard base?

These are acids and bases with intermediate character, between hard and soft. For example, trimethylborane, Fe2+, and Pb2+ cations are intermediate acids, and pyridine and aniline are examples of intermediate bases. The most extreme example is hydrogen, where H+ is a hard acid and H- is a soft base.

Is ammonia hard base?

Ammonia is a hard base (HSAB theory) and its E & C parameters are EB = 2.31 and C B = 2.04.

Is bleach an acid or base?

Alkaline Products Chlorine bleach is an alkaline solution of sodium hypochlorite dissolved in water. Used to clean and whiten fabrics as well as surfaces, chlorine bleach also works as an effective disinfectant. Trisodium phosphate and sodium carbonate, or washing soda, are also alkaline cleaning agents.

Is ammonia solution acidic or basic?

Ammonia is a typical weak base. Ammonia itself obviously doesn’t contain hydroxide ions, but it reacts with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. However, the reaction is reversible, and at any one time about 99% of the ammonia is still present as ammonia molecules.

Is acetic acid strong or weak?

A weak acid is an acid that ionizes only slightly in an aqueous solution. Acetic acid (found in vinegar) is a very common weak acid.

What is the weakest Oxyacid?

hypochlorous acid

Why is acetic acid is weak acid?

Because acetic acid is not a strong enough proton donor to be entirely converted to hydronium ions in aqueous solution, it is called a weak acid.

Is acetic acid a base or acid?

Because of this release of the proton (H+), acetic acid has acidic character. Acetic acid is a weak monoprotic acid. In aqueous solution, it has a pKa value of 4.76. Its conjugate base is acetate (CH3COO−).